Tuesday, April 28, 2015
Appendix A
Language Change, Bible Translations,
and the Common Man
The OT was originally written in the language of the people of that time, Hebrew and Aramaic. Septuagint- translation of the Old Testament from Hebrew into Greek, the language of the common people of the day. The New Testament was originally written in Koine' Greek, the universal language of the Roman Empire at that time. As the gospel spread through out the world the New Testament was translated into other languages
---Coptic - common language of Egypt
---Syriac -
As the Greek language diminished and Latin gained prominence the New Testament was translated into Latin. First into OL and in mid 4th century AD Jerome, Latin Vulgate. (Vulgate is from L vulgaris, mob, common man)
As English gained prominance, the Word of God was translated into the English language. Wycliffe made first c 1384 from the Latin Vulgate, Tyndale made the first from original languages, 1526-30 As can be seen God's word has been in English a very short time, in comparison to other languages.
It can be observed that due to language change other translations are required periodically, in order to keep God's word in the tongue of common people.
Developed by L. G. Butler, 4503 53rd Street, Lubbock, TX 79414 December. 1990
Appendix B
Lindisfarne Gospels, C. 950
From The Lindisfarne and Rushworth Gospels.
Surtees Society, London, 1864. See p. 3.
fad'er gehalgad sie noma o'in tocyma'o
Pater s'cificetur nornen tuum, adveniat
ric o'in
regnum tuum,
hlaf userne daeguhaemlice sel us eghuelc
panem nostrum cotidianum da nobis
daege
cotidie,
j f gef us synna usra gif faestlice aec
et dimitte nobis peccata nostra siquidem
Pe f efns eghuelc scyldge us
et ipsi dimittimus omni debenti nobis,
j ne usic onkedZiu in costunge
et ne nos juducas in temtationem
Wycliffite Bible, C. 1384
The earliest version, reprinted from the text edited by Forshall and Madden, Oxford, 1850.
Fadir, halewid be thi name. Thi kyngdom come to.
3yue to vs to day oure eche dayes breed.
And fore'yue to vs oure synnes, as and we fore'yuen
to ech owynge to vs. And leèd not vs in to temptacioun.
Tyndale New Testament, 1525
Reprinted from a facsimile of the Bristol copy, see p. 7.
Oure father which arte in hevë, halowed be thy name. Lett thy kyngdO come. Thy will be fulfillet, even in erth as it is in heven. Oure dayly breed geve us this daye. And forgeve vs oure synnes: For even we forgeve every man that tras paseth vs; and ledde vs not into temptaciö, Butt deliver vs from evyll Amen.
Coverdale Bible, 1535
O oure father which art in heauen, halowed be thy Name.
Thy kyngdome come. Thy wil be fulfilled upon earth, as it is in heauen.
Geue vs this daye oure daylie bred. And forgeue vs oure synnes, for we also
forgeue all them that are detters unto vs. And lede vs not in to temptacion,
but delyuer vs from euell.
Great Bible, 1539
o oure father which art i heauen, halowed be thy name. Thy kyngdome come. Thy will be fulfylled, cue in erth also as it is in heauë. Oure dayly breed geue vs thys daye. And forgeue vs our synnes: For cue we forgeue euery man that treas paseth vs. And Leade vs not Ito temp. tacyon. But delyuer vs from euyll.
Geneva Bible, 1560
2 Our Father, w° art in heaue', halowed be thy Name:
Thy kingdome come: Let thy wil be done eue' in earth, as it is in heauen:
3 Our daily bread giue vs for the day:
And forgiue vs our sinnes: for euen we forgiue
euerie man that is indetted to vs: And lead vs not into temptation: but deliuer vs from euil.
Bishops' Bible, 1568
2 0 our father which art in heauen,
halowed be thy name, thy kyngdome come,
thy wyll be fulfylled, euen in earth also,
as it is in heauen.
3 Our dayly breade geue vs this day.
4 And forgeue vs our synnes:
For euen we forgeue euery man that trespasseth vs.
And leade vs not into temptation, but delyuer vs from euyil.
Reproduced by permission
American Bible Society
Appendix G
1. Is It A Safe, Sound, Reliable Source For Helping Me Learn What Was God's Original Message?
-
Is it a translation, or a paraphrase or condensed version? A translation is the most reliable.
b. If a translation, is it literal, idiomatic or a free rendering? Idiomatic [using expressions that are natural to the native speaker - pdc] is best, major problems can occur with the others. A literal translation sounds the best, until one considers the problems that could occur if a translator used the same word in another language to translate "kicked" in each of the following: "Joe kicked he ball," "Joe kicked the habit." and "Joe kicked the bucket." The translator must understand the meaning in the original language; then, "carry it across" into the other language, wording it in such a way that the original meaning—not just the word—remains the same.
c. Is the version by more than one translator? Generally, a single translator has a higher potential for error than does a group; "in the multitude of counselors there is safety" (Prov. 11:19). However, one competent, unbiased scholar is probably far better than a host .of incompetent or biased persons.
d. Are the translators competent scholars? To carry meaning across, the literal meaning of "translate", the translator must have mastery of both the original language/culture and the language/culture of the language translating into.
e. Is the translation from the original language, not a trans1aion of a translation? In the case of the Bible: Hebrew, Aramaic an Greek.
f. Are manuscripts of the text in the original language the most reliable? A major controversy arises on this point. Which one?it should be used: the Received Text, the Westcott and Hort, the Nestle's or the United Bible Societies' Greek text or another? This is no simple issue.
g. Did the translators take into account the latest and most reliable archaeological, historical, cultural and linguistic information currently available? It is important to keep in mind that he KJV scholars did not have available the vast amount of information such as the Dead Sea Scrolls obtained during the last 379 y4rs._-but this is no fault of theirs. They needed the translation then; they felt they must not wait. But now we do have much more information.
h. Does the translation have good reviews among people whose judgment you value?
i. Do the reviewers avoid bias, to the extent humanly possible? Evidence, of possible bias is the use of "name calling," "emotional appeal," "card stacking," "bandwagon," etcetera. Hav6 they examined both the strengths and weakness, or is it a one sided review? The use of such propaganda techniques, does not mean that the points are not valid nor worth considering, but they often do sBiblel bias, indicating that there may be more that should be considered, which hadn't been noted.
j. Do the reviewers provide good documentation and sound, reasoning to support their ideas? Or, do they make bold unsupported or weakly supported assertions? Or worse yet ask or imply that the readers should trust them, providing no documentation.
k. What are the reviewers' credentials? Is good scholarship indicated? Are they really knowledgeable about what they write o say?
l. Does the version have a good preface which provides the reader with information needed to make an informed decision about the translation/version? For example, from which language and text was it translated; how did they deal with meanings ti at are not always clear in the originals; who sponsored the work; ho did the translation?
2. Is It Readable, "Easy To Be Understood"? 1 Cor 14:92
-
a. Will common people be able to read it, thus really has access to God's Word? Keep in mind that an estimated 25 million functionally illiterate adults in the United States alone would have considerable difficulty even with the most easily read version. For many trying to read the KJV is a formidable, if not impossible task. As the translators argued in the preface to the original KJV ible, "But how shall men meditate in that, which they cannot understand? … Indeed without translation into the vulgar tongue, the unlearned are but like children at Jacobs well (which was deep without a bucket, or something to draw with: or as that person mentioned by Esay, to whom when a sealed book was delivered, with this motion. Read this, I pray thee, he was fain to make this answer, I cannot, for it is sealed."3
b. Will common people be able to safely reconstruct God 's original message? The need for frequent or lengthy explainations by a preacher may signal problems in this area. This depends on the preacher and is what led to the rise of the papacy and ultimately to the Dark Ages. Tyndale gave his life to help break this strangle hold on common people's access to the Word. His life's goal was to translate the Word of God into language that even the plough boy could know as well as or better than the cleric. Ultimately, he, as history records, was martyred for his commitment to this principle. Nonetheless, he succeeded in making the first English translation of the NT from the original language before his death. We must ever be on guard that, if at all possible, history does not repeat itself in this area.
c. Does it have few instances of words in common use today whose meanings have changed since it was translated?; hence the reader may think he/she understands, but hasn't correctly reconstructed God message? For example, in the KJV: peculiar, mean, nephews, man (mankind) have different meanings now than 379 years ago.
d. Will all readers find it sufficiently readable that they will spend time in the word? Even among good readers, if the task is overly challenging, it will become frustrating or at least so tiring that they will not spend as much time; or if they do spend the time, they will not be able to accomplish as much as they otherwise would.
e. Will the version, when read by the preacher from the pulpit, be readily understood by the congregation? Can more of the sermon time be devoted to the sermon content/message rather than having to define or redefine words, and explain awkward sentences structures?
3. Can People Of Different Language Variations Use It?
-
a. Does the translation take into account the major language variations among English speaking people? The meanings of words, figures of speech, syntax, and usage varies greatly from one region in United States to another, e.g. Boston, Atlanta, Milwaukee, Brooklyn, New Orleans, Palo Alto or Mud Lick, KY; it varies ethnical1y; e.g., German, Black, Hispanic, British or Native American heritage.
b. Does it take into account language variation by age? Often the younger generation "speaks another language" than the “older generation's"? In short, English is a melting pot of language varieties which variation must be considered in selecting a versior for general use.
4. Does The Style And Tone Inspire The Reader And Reverence God?
a. One of the hallmarks of the KJV is the majesty of its language. As Kubo and Specht have said, "Although it is desirable that a version have a simple, direct form of English, the language must be dignified and reverent. Slang, colloquialisms, and momentarily popular expressions should be avoided. It should be a worthy vehicle for the expression of the profound truths of the Word of God. A the same time, the version must have a literary appeal. It must be readable, euphonious, and interesting. It must be clothed in Ian-guage that will grip the heart. Only then can i speak with full force the words of truth the world needs to hear."
5. Do the marginal notes inspire confidence?
a. Notes, such as, "The best manuscripts omit.. ." have potential of shaking a weak person's confidence in the accuracy of the version, and worse yet in God's Word.
6. Does the particular version fit the particular purpose(s)?
-
a. Is it to be used for sustained reading for inspiration or to grasp the
structural overview of a book, or for careful reading, or depth study of a particular topic? verse?
b. Is it to be used for public reading in worship? Or for private rading and study?
c. Is the selection being made for ones own private use or to recommend for use by others? What might work well for one person as far are language is concerned may not be appropriate for others. For example, many people in the church are fluent intwo dialects, KJV and modern. However, many people with limted or no religious background likely will have far more difficulty than people who have basically learned 1611 English as a scond language variety from the KJV; hence what may be easy for one person may be very difficult for another.
7. Other?
a. Do we need to be limited to one translation? It appears safer to consult more than one. It is strongly recommended that ihe Preface to the 1611 KJV "The Translators to the Reader" be carefully read on this point. Unfortunately, the original preface is deleted in most KJV Bibles today. b. For many people, as Lewis has said, the major problem is not that they read a different translation, but that they read no translation!
2. "So likewise ye, except ye utter by the tongue words easy be under-stood, how shall it be known what is spoken? for ye sh speak into the air" (1 Cor. 14:9).
3. Preface to the original KJY Bible, "The Translators to the reader,” reprinted in Opfell, Olga S. The King James Bible Translators, Jefferson NC: McFarland & Company. 1982. p. 148.
4. Kubo, Sakae and Walter Specht. So Many Versions? Twentieth English Versions of the Bible, Grand Rapids, Ml: Zondervan tion, 1975, p. 207.
Appendix F
Translations/Versions
1384 Wycliffe (from Latin Vulgate) (c1384)
1535 Coverdale's Bible
1526 Tyndale's NT (1526) & Pentateuch (1530)
1537 Matthew's Bible
1539 Taverner's Bible
1539 The Great Bible
1557 Whitteñham New Testament
1560 The Geneva Bible
1568 The Bishop'sBible
1582 The Rheims New Testament; English College at Rheims
1609 The Douai Old Testament (1609-1610)
1611 King James Version (KJV), also called Authorized Version
1749 Challoner's Revision (1749-1750
1772 Douai Revision
1796 Four Gospels by George Campbell
1818 New Testament Translation by George Campbell, Doddridge and (James?) Macknight. 1826 Campbell. The Sacred Writing of the Apostles and Evangelists of
Jesus Christ, Commonly Styled The New Testament. Modification of an earlier translation by George Campbell, Doddridge and Mack night. Improvements by Alexander Campbell.
1862 Young's Translation. Literal Translation of the Bible by Robert Young, author of Young's Concordance.
1867 Smith's Holy Scriptures by Joseph Smith (Morman) It is now popularly referred to as Inspired Version.
1869 Afford's New Testament
1876 Smith's Bible by Julia E. Smith Parker. literal translation
1881 The English Revised Version (OT, 1885)
1900 Hayman's Epistles
1901 American Standard Version
1901 Modern American Bible
1901 Moffatt's Historical New Testament
1901 Way's Letters. The Letters of St. Paul to Seven Churches and Three Friends (WL). By Arthur S. Way. Revised to include Hebrews, 1906.
1901 Young People's Bible
1902 Emphasized Bible by Joseph Bryant Rotherham.
1902 Godbey's New Testament (date uncertain)
1902 Twentieth Century New Testament (WH text)
1903 Fenton's Bible in Modern English
1903 Weymouth Modern Speech New Testament
1904 Worrell's New Testament
1905 Lloyd's New Testment
1906 Forster—St. John, Epistles and Revelation by Henry Langstaff Forster.
1907 Bourne's Gospels by A. E. Bourne
1907 Moulton's Modern Reader's Bible by Richard G. Moulton
1908 Rutherford's Epistles by W. G. Rutherford
1909 The Bible in Modern English
1909 Weaver New Testament by S. Townsend Weaver
1910 Cunard's revision of St. Matthew's Gospel
1912 Improved Bible Union Version by American Baptist Publication Society
1913 Moffatt Bible
1914 Cunuington's New Testament by E. E. Cunnington
1914 Numeric New Testament "From Greek text as established by Bible Numerics" Edited by Ivan Parnn
1916 McFadyen—Psalms in Modern Speech and Rhythmical Form by John Edgar McFadyen
1917 Jewish Publication Society Bible
1918 Anderson New Testament from Sinai'tica Manuscript by H. T. Andersàn
1919 The Messages of the Bible. Edited by Frank K. Sanders and Charles F. Kent. Free rendering in paraphrase.
1921 Pym: Mark's Account of Jesus in Common Speech by T. W. Pym
1921 Shorter Bible by Charles Foster Kent, et al; omits about 66% of OT and 33% of NT.
1922 Plainer Bible for Plain People in Plain American by Chaplain Frank Schell Ballentine.
1923 The Riverside New Testament by William G. Ballantine
1923 Robertson's Translation of Luke's Gospel by A. T. Robertson
1923 Smith-Goodspeed Bible
1924 Centenary New Testament
1924 Labor Determinative Version by Determinative Revision Committee. "revised for the recovery of Biblical labor standards."
1924 Montgomery's Centenary New Testament by Helen Barret Montgomery
1925 Askwith's Psalms (Book IV and V) by E. H. Askwith
1925 Children's Bible. Selections from OT &. NT translated and arranged by Henry A. Gherman and Charles Foster Kent.
1925 People's New Covenant by Arthur E. Overbury. Based on Mary Baker Eddy premises.
1926 Moffatt's Translation of the Bible by James Moffatt. (revised in 1935)
1927 Kent's Student's Old Testament. Logically and chronologically arranged and translated by Charles Foster Kent.
1927 Smith-Goodspeed. OT by J. M...Powis Smith (1927) and NT (1923) Edgar J. Goodspeed Revised 1935. Reprinted with Apocrypha
1928 Christian's Bible—New Testament by George Le Fevre
1928 Czarnomska Version edited by Elizabeth Czarnomska
1928 Spiritualist's Matthew by J. W. Potter
1929 Gowen's Psalms by Herbert H. Gown
1930 Loux' Mark by DuBois H. Loux
1931 Wale's Psalms by Frank H. Wales
1932 Chaplain Ballentine translation and rearrangement to read as a modem novel, by Chaplain rank Schell] Ballentine.
1932 Kleist's Memoirs of St. Peter (Gospel of Mark) by James A. Kleist.
1933 Torrey's Four Gospels by Charles Cutler Torrey, "to show that Gospels of Matthew, Mark, and John were composed in Aramaic."
1934 Old Testament in Colloquial English. "Listed in E. H. Robertson's The New Translation of the Bible."
1934 Royds' Epistles and Gospels by Thomas Fletcher Royds
1934 Wade. The Documents of the New Testament by G. W. Wade. From WH text.
1935 Westminster Version of the Sacred Scriptures by English Roman Catholic scholars under the editorship of Cuthbert Lattey, S. J. Not an "official" translation.
1937 Cornish's St. Paul from the Trenches. Of 1 & 2 Corinthians and part of Ephesians by Gerald Warre Cornish.
1937 Greber's New Testament by Johannes Greber. "based mainly on Codex Bezae..."
1937 Martin's New Testament by William Wallace Martin.(Other parts of the bible between 1928-1941) "reconstructed 36 epistles into 21".
1937 Spencer's New Testament by Francis Aloysius Spencer, o. P. edited by Charles J. Callan, 0. P. and John A. McHugh, 0. P.
1937 Williams' New Test
ament by Charles B. Williams' in "language of the people" from WH text.
1938 Book of Books. New Testament by the United Society for Christian Literature to celebrate the centenary of the Annotated Paragraph Bible.
1938 Buttenweiser's Psalms by Moses Buttenweiser. Chronologically treated.
1938 Clementson's New Testament by Edgar Lewis Ciementson, The Evangelization Society of the Pittsburgh Bible Institute.
1939 Oesterley Psalms. by W. 0. E. Oesterley
1940 Dakes' Gospels by John A. Dakes, a Greek businessman
1940 St. Mark in Current English by Mary L. Matheson.
1941 Confraternity New Testament
1941 Challoner-Rheims Version (Revision)
1942 Emphatic Diaglott by Benjamin Wilson,
1944 Callan's Psalms by Charles J. Callan 1944 Wand's New Testament Letters, a paraphrase by J. W. C. Wand; Australia.
1944 Knox Bible (1944-1949)
1945 Stringfellow's New Testament by Ervin Edward Stringfellow. From WH text.
1946 Lenski by R. C. H. Lenski
1947 Eerdmans' Psalms by B. D. Eerdmans
1948 Letchworth New Testament by T. F. Ford
1949 Basic Bible by C. K. Ogden
1949 New Testament of Basic English
1949 Leslie's Psalms by Elmer A. Leslie 1951 Authentic Version by anonymous translator
1951 Vernon 's Mark by Edward Vernon
1950 New World Translation of the Christian Scriptures (revised 1951 & 1961) Jehovah's Witness
1952 New Testament in Plain English by Charles Kingsley Williams'
1952 Penguin Bible (Rieu) by E.V. Rieu
1952 Revised Standard Version (NT in 1946)
1954 Kissane's Psalms by Monsignor Edward J. Kissane
1954 Kleist and Lilly's New Testament by James A. Kleist and Joseph L. Lilly
1954 Kleist and Lynam's Psalms by James A. Kleist and Thomas Janes Lynam
1954 Moore's New Testament, by George Albert Moore
1955 Fides Translation (Psalms) by Mary Perkins Ryan
1955 Knox by Monsignor Knox
1955 Schonfield's Authentic New Testament by Hugh J. Schonfield
1956 Laubach's Inspired Letters by Frank C. Laubach
1957 Concordant Version
1957 Lamsa's by George M. Lamsa, translated from the Peshitta, an ancient Eastern MS (Original Aramaic).
1957 Phillips New Testament
1958 Hudson by James T Hudson
1958 The Amplified Bible by Frances Siewert(Paraphrase)
1958 Phillips' Modern English New Testament by J B Phillips
1958 Tomanek's New Testament by James L Tomanek
1959 Cressman by Annie Cressman
1959 Modern Language Bible (Berkeley) by Gerrit Verkuyl
1960 The Children's "King James" by Jay Green and "Peter" Palmer
1961 New World Translation—Jehovah's Witnesses by the New World Bible Translation Committee. Revised, edition.
1961 Noli's Greek Orthodox New Testament by Fan S Noli
1961 One Way: The Jesus People New Testament (same Norlie's NT 1951)
1961 Simplified New Testament (Norlie) by Olaf M. Norlie
1961 The New English New Testament (bible in 1970)
1961 Wuest's Expanded New Testament by Kenneth S. Wuest
1962 Children's Version, simplification and modernization of the KJV, Preface by Jay Green
1962 Revised Standard Version (New edition)
1962 Jewish Publication Society Old Testament (1982)
1963 Bech's New Testament by William F. Beck
1963 Gelineau's Psalms by Joseph Gelineau
1963 New American Standard Bible
1963 The Holy Name Bible by A. B. Traina
1964 Anchor Bible by William F. Albright and David N. Freedman
1964 Hadas' Psalms by Gershon Hadas
1964 Revised Standard Version (Catholic edition)
1965 Amplified Bible by Frances E. Siewert
1965 Bruce's Expanded Paraphrase by Drs. Scrivener, Moulton & Greenup, F. F. Bruce
1966 Burke's God is For Real Man. by Carl F. Burke. A free treatment of text.
1966 Good News for Modern Man Bible (1971)
1966 Jerusalem Bible by Alexander Jones
1966 Living Scriptures by Jay Green
l966 The Bible in Simplified English
1966 Today's English Version
1967 Dale's New World by Alan T. Dale
1967 Liverpool Vernacular Gospels by Dick Williams and Frank Shaw
1967 The Living Bible (Paraphrase) by Ken Taylor
1967 Greatest is Love Paraphrase (Paraphrase) by Ken Taylor
1968 Cotton Patch Version by Clarence Jordan
1968 Hanson's Psalms in Modem Speech by Richard S. Hanson
1968 Restoration of Original Name New Testament
1969 Barclay's New Testament by William Barclay
1969 Children's New Testament by Gleason H. Ledyard
1970 New American Bible by members of the Catholic Biblical Association of America (Confraternity New Testament)
1970 The New English Bible (NT in 1961)
1970 The Mercier New Testament by Kevin Condon
1971 Blackwelder's Exegetical Translation by Boyce W. Blackwelder
1971 New American Standard Bible
1972 The Bible in Living English by Steven T. Byington
1973 Common Bible (appears to be another name for RSV)
1973 New International Version
1973 The Better Version of the New Testament by Chester Estes
1973 The Translator's New Testament by team of 37 under the direction of W. D. McHardy.
1979 New King James Bible
1982 Reader's Digest Bible Bruce M. Metzger, general editor (condensed)
1986 Marshall Parallel New Testament. An interlinear by Alfred Marshall.
1987 New Century Version by the World Bible Translation Center, Ft. Worth, Texas. 1987 Easy-To-Read Version (1978, 1981, 1982) by the World Bible Translation Center, Ft. Worth, Texas. Based on the New Century Version. Also published under the name of English Version for the Deaf.
1987 The Everyday Bible by the World Bible Translation Center, Ft. Worth, Texas.Based on the New Century Version.
1988 International Children's Bible (1983, 1986). by the World Bible Translation Center, Ft. Worth, Texas. Based on the New Century Version.
1988 McCord's Translation of the New Testament by Hugo McCord
1989 New Revised Standard Version:
400 Jerome's Latin Vulgate
1528 Pagninus' Latin Bible
1556 Beza's Latin New Testament
Note: Boldface indicates complete New Testament or complete Bible; lightface type signifies a portion of the Bible.
Compiled by L. G. Butler. Information came primarily from Kübo, Sakae and Walter Specht. So Many Versions? Twentieth Century English Versions of the Bible. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Corportion, 1975. Chart of the English Bible. New York: American Bible Society, 1990. Herbert, A. S. Historical Catalogue of Printed Editions of the English Bible 1525-1961. (Revised and Expanded from the Edition of T. H. Darlow and H. F. Moule, 1903), London/New York: The British and Foreign Bible Society/The American Bible Society, 1968. A Ready-Reference History of the English Bible (1971 Revision). New York: American Bible Society, 1971.. These, in addition to a limited personal collection. For most entries it was not possible to confirm accuracy in a primary source. This list is probably not comprehensive. Time and space limitations constrained the amount of information which could be included. For more detailed information see the references cited. This list should be viewed as a working draft rather than a final list. Please send any corrections, additions, or suggestions to
L. G. Butler, 4503 53rd St., Lubbock, TX 79414.
Appendix D
Due to 379 Years of Language Change
Obsolete Words in KJV
almug, algum, charashim, chapt, earing, gat, habergeon, hosen, ligure, leasing, maranatha, nard, neesing, pate, pilled, rabboni, raca, ring-straked, stacte, strake, sycamyne, trode, wimples, ouches, brigandine, ambassage, occurrent, purtenance, bruit, fray, cracknels, mufflers, anathema, corban, talitha cumi, ephrata, aceldama, centurion, quarternion, delectable, carriage, let, pityful (for full of pity), wot, trow, sod, and swaddling clothes.
Sentences from the KJV: "Easy to understand?"
Job 36:33 "The noise thereof sheweth concerning it, the cattle also concerning the vapour."
2 Cor. 8:1 "Moreover, brethren, we do you to wit of the grace of God bestowed on the churches of Macedonia."
1 Cor. 4:4 "For I know nothing by myself; yet am I not hereby justified: but he that judgeth me is the Lord."
2 Cor. 6:12 "Ye are not straitened in us, but ye are straitened in your own bowels."
2 Cor. 10:16 "To preach the gospel in the regions beyond you, and not to boast in another man's line of things made ready to our hand."
Eccl. 12:11 "The words of the wise are as goads, and as nails fastened by the masters of assemblies, which are given from one shepherd."
1 Cor. 8:7 "Howbeit there is not in every man that knowledge: for some with conscience of the idol unto this hour eat it as a thing offered unto an idol; and their conscience being weak is defiled."
Ex. 19:18 "And mount Sinai was altogether on a smoke, because the LORD descended upon it in fire: and the
Psa. 5:6 "Thou shalt destroy them that speak leasing: the LORD will abhor the bloody and deceitful man."
1 Kings 11:1 "But king Solomon loved many strange women, together with the daughter of Pharaoh, women of the Moabites, Ammonites, Edomites, Zidonians, and Hittites."
Job 36:33 "The noise thereof sheweth concerning it, the cattle also concerning the vapour.”
Isa. 31:1 "Woe to them that go down to Egypt for help; and stay on horses, and trust in chariots, because they are many; and in horsemen, because they are very strong; but they look not unto the Holy One of Israel, neither seek the LORD!" Ezek. 27:25 "The ships of Tarshish did sing of thee in thy market: and thou wast replenished, and made very glorious in the midst of the seas,"
Lk. 17:9 "Doth he thank that servant because he did the things that were commanded him? I trow not."
Jn. 15:2 "Every branch in me that beareth not fruit he taketh away: and every branch that beareth fruit, he purgeth it, that it may bring forth more fruit."
Eccl. 12:11 "The words of the wise are as goads, and as nails fastened by the masters of assemblies, which are given from one shepherd."
1 Cor. 8:7 "Howbeit there is not in every man that knowledge: for some with conscience of the idol unto this hour eat it as a thing offered unto an idol; and their conscience being weak is defiled."
Words Still In Use Today But With Different Meanings Than In 1611.
(Numerous other examples may be found in Lewis, pp. 55-58, 43-347)
Mean
Prov. 22:29 "Seest thou a man diligent in his business? he shall stand before kings; he shall not stand before mean men." (common men "that which is in the middle," Oxford English Dictionary)
Man / Men
Mt. 5:13 "Ye are the salt of the earth: but if the salt have lost his savour, wherewith shall it be salted? it is thenceforth good for nothing, but to be cast out, and to be trodden under foot of men." ("A human being, irrespective of sex or age; = L. homo in OE," Oxford English Dictionary)
Peculiar
1 Pet. 2:9 "But ye are a chosen generation, a royal priesthood, an holy nation, a peculiar people; that ye should shew forth the praises of him who hath called you out of darkness into his marvellous light." (that which belongs to one person)
Carriage
Acts 21:15 "And after those days we took up our carriages, and went up to Jerusalem." (that which is carried, Oxford English Dictionary)
Nephews
1 Tim. 5:4 "But if any widow have children or nephews, let them learn first to shew piety at home, and to requite their parents: for that is good and acceptable before God." (grandchildren, nephews or other descendants, Oxford English Dictionary, the meaning of the Greek word, Vine, p. 171.)
Suffer
1 Cor. 10:13 "There hath no temptation taken you but such as is common to man: but God is faithful, who will not suffer you to be tempted above that ye are able; but will with the temptation also make a way to escape, that ye may be able to bear it." (permit)
Meat
Lev. 14:10 "And on the eighth day he shall take two he lambs without blemish, and one ewe lamb of the first year withoutbiemish, and three tenth deals of fine flour for a meat offering, mingled with oil, and one log of oil." (meant food in 1611)
Corn
Jn. 12:24 "Verily, verily, I say unto you, Except a corn of wheat fall into the ground and die, it abideth alone: but if it die, it bringeth forth much fruit." (In 1611, corn meant "kernel or grain," clarifies the "corn of wheat")
Quit
I Cor. 16:13 "Watch ye, stand fast in the faith, quit you like then, be strong." (to do ones part, behave, bear oneself, usually in a specific way Oxford English Dictionary. Same meaning in Vines)
Spelling of Proper Names in KJV Different in NT from OT
Boaz—Ruth 4:13 -Booz—Luke 3:32 -Boos (in 1611 edition)
Elijah-2 Ki 1:3 -Elias—Matt 27:47
Isaiah—Isa 40:3 -Esaias-Mat 3:3
Jeremiah—Jer 31:15 -Jeremy—Mat 2:1 -Jeremias—Mat 16:14
Judah—Gen 35:23 -Judas—Mat 1:2
Judah—Mic 5:2 . Juda—Mat 2:6 -Judaea—Luke 2:4
Jonah—Jonah 1:17 -Jonas—Mat 12:40
Mahalaleel—Gen 5:12 -Maleleel—Luke 3:37
Methuselah—Gen 5:22 -Mathusala—Luke 3:37
Noah—Gen 5:30 -Noe—Luke 3:36 -Noah—Heb 11:7
Passover—Ex 12:11-48. Easter—Acts 12:4 (Young's)
Sarah—Gen 17:15 -Sara—Heb 11:1 -Sarah—Rom 9:9
Shem—Gen 5:32 -Sem—Luke 3:36
Uriah-2 Sam 11:3 -Urias—Mat 1:6
Zion—Isa 28:16 -Sion—Heb 12:22, 1 Peter 26
2. "So likewise ye, except ye utter by the tongue words easy to be understood, how shall it be known what is spoken? for ye shall speak into the air" (1 Cor. 14:9). It is important to keep in mind that this is not a criticism of the Word of God nor the KJV; instead
3. Lewis, op cu, pp 53-54
4. Burchfield, Robert W. The Compact Edition of the Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford University Press, 1971. The Oxford English Dictionary, First edition, together with the Supplements and the Second Edition (20 volumes) published in 1989, are outstanding sources of information regarding the meanings of English words during various periods. This is an excellent reference for checking meanings of words as they were commonly used in 1611, as well as other periods. It is expensive. May be found in many public or university libraries.
5. Vaughn, Curtis (general editor) The Bible from 26 Translations, Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House (for 1 Tim. 2:15), p. 2424. This appears to be an excellent tool for alerting the reader to possible language change which may cause readers to misunder-stand the KJV. It could then send the reader to other authoritative sources such as, Vine's Dictionary of New Testament Words or The Oxford English Dictionary among others for clarification or verification of meanings.
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